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= Cyber Incident Guide for Personal Use =
= Cyber Incident Guide for Personal Use =


Prevention is the best option! 
== Overview ==


The [[DFP Guide]] can help you prevent this from happening and prepare backups for recovery.
* [[#Prevention|Prevention]]
 
* [[#Identify|Identify]]
Reacting to a potential cyber incident on personal devices, accounts, and networks
 
== Identify the incident ==
The first step in responding to a cyber incident is identifying what happened. The steps you take may vary depending on the nature of the incident. Here are some guidelines to help you identify different types of cyber incidents:
* [[#Monitor|Monitor]]
* '''[[#Identify|Identify]]'''
* [[#Secure|Secure]]
* [[#Secure|Secure]]
* [[#Restore|Restore]]
* [[#Restore|Restore]]
Line 17: Line 11:
* [[#Monitor|Monitor]]
* [[#Monitor|Monitor]]


== Possible Hack ==
'''Prevention is the best option!''' The [[DFP Guide]] can help you prevent incidents and prepare backups for recovery.
* Return to: [[#Identify_the_incident|Identify the Incident]]
 
This guide is designed to help you react to potential cyber incidents on personal devices, accounts, and networks. If you're feeling overwhelmed, don't worry—we'll walk you through each step.
 
== Prevention ==
 
Preventing cyber incidents is crucial. Follow best practices to secure your devices, accounts, and networks. Refer to the [[DFP Guide]] for detailed instructions.
 
== Identify ==
 
The first step is to '''identify''' what happened. Don't panic—we'll help you figure it out.
 
==== Possible Signs of a Cyber Incident ====
 
===== Online Account Issues =====
 
Ask yourself:
 
* '''Are you locked out of your account?'''
* '''Is there money missing from your financial account?'''
* '''Do you see changes or activities in your accounts that you didn't make?'''
 
If you answer '''YES''' to any of these questions, proceed to [[#Secure Your Online Accounts]].
 
If you answer '''NO''', continue monitoring your accounts for unusual activity.
 
If you're '''UNSURE''', consider changing your passwords as a precaution and enabling multi-factor authentication.
 
===== Device Behavior Issues =====
 
Ask yourself:
 
* '''Is your computer acting on its own (e.g., mouse moving, unexpected restarts)?'''
* '''Did you receive a ransomware message?'''
* '''Did you get a fake antivirus or update message?'''
* '''Have you noticed new plugins, toolbars, or applications that you didn't install?'''
* '''Is your device running slowly or behaving abnormally?'''
* '''Are you seeing unexpected pop-ups on your computer?'''
* '''Are your internet searches being redirected to unfamiliar sites?'''
 
If you answer '''YES''' to any of these questions, proceed to [[#Log File Analysis]] and  [[#Secure Your Local Devices]].
 
If you answer '''NO''', keep an eye on your device performance and consider running a periodic malware scan.
 
If you're '''UNSURE''', run a malware scan and ensure all software is updated.
 
===== Data Leaks and Breaches =====
 
Ask yourself:
 
* '''Has your private information (like photos or personal details) been shared online without your permission?'''
* '''Have personal images, videos, or other media been shared online without your consent?'''
* '''Have you received notifications from companies about a hack of their systems?'''
* '''Do you suspect a data breach involving your accounts?'''
 
If you answer '''YES''' to any of these questions:
 
* Alert family and friends to be cautious of anyone pretending to be you.
* [https://inteltechniques.com/freeze.html Freeze Your Credit] report to prevent identity theft.
* Proceed to [[#Identify and Lock Down]] and [[#Secure Your Online Accounts]].


=== HACK: Online ===
If you answer '''NO''', continue practicing good security hygiene and monitor for any alerts from services you use.


'''Q: Are you locked out of your account?'''
If you're '''UNSURE''', check if any of your accounts have been involved in known breaches using [https://haveibeenpwned.com/ Have I Been Pwned].
* If YES: Jump to [[#Online Accounts|Secure Online Accounts]] section.
[[Cyber Incident Response Guide (Personal)#Online Accounts]]
'''Q: Is your financial account missing money?'''
* If YES: Jump to [[#Online Accounts|Secure Online Accounts]] section.


'''Q: Are there changes or activities in your accounts that you didn't make?'''
===== Social Engineering and Scams =====
* If YES: Jump to [[#Online Accounts|Secure Online Accounts]] section.


=== HACK: Local ===
'''Phishing Attempts'''
* Return to: [[#Identify_the_incident|Identify the Incident]]


'''Q: Has your mouse moved or computer turned on without your control?'''
Ask yourself:
* If YES: Jump to [[#Local_Devices|Secure Local Devices]] section.


'''Q: Did you get a ransomware message?'''
* '''Did you receive an email or message asking for personal or financial information?'''
* If YES: Jump to [[#Local_Devices|Secure Local Devices]] section.


'''Q: Did you get a fake anti-virus or update message?'''
* If '''YES''':
* If YES: Jump to [[#Local_Devices|Secure Local Devices]] section.
** Do not respond or click on any links.
** Mark the email as spam and delete it.
** Proceed to [[#Secure Your Devices and Network]] if you've interacted with the message.


'''Q: Have you noticed a plugin, toolbar, or application installed that you did not install?'''
* If '''NO''', remain vigilant against suspicious communications.
* If YES: Jump to [[#Local_Devices|Secure Local Devices]] section.


'''Q: Is your device running slowly or behaving abnormally?'''
* If you're '''UNSURE''', verify the sender's identity through another communication channel before taking action.
* If YES: Jump to [[#Local_Devices|Secure Local Devices]] section.


'''Q: Pop-ups on the computer?'''
'''Financial Scams'''
* If YES: Jump to [[#Local_Devices|Secure Local Devices]] section.


'''Q: Are your internet searches being redirected?'''
Ask yourself:
* If YES: Jump to [[#Local_Devices|Secure Local Devices]] section.


=== LEAK ===
* '''Did someone request money or your banking information?'''
* Return to: [[#Identify_the_incident|Identify the Incident]]


'''Q: Is your private information, like photos or personal details, shared online without your permission?'''
* If '''YES''':
* If YES: Alert family and friends to the leak and advise them to be cautious of anyone attempting to pretend to be you.
** Be cautious. Scammers often pressure you using fear or urgency.
* Freeze your credit report to prevent identity theft.
** Read about [http://www.consumerfinance.gov/ask-cfpb/what-are-some-common-types-of-scams-en-2092/ common financial scams].
** Proceed to report the incident if necessary.


'''Q: Have personal images, video, or other media been shared online without your permission?'''
* If '''NO''', stay alert for unusual requests for money or information.
* If YES: Do not engage with the leaker. Identify the source of the leak and lock down the source of the leak. Identify the content that has been leaked. Identify direct links to the leaked content and store them for future reference.


=== BREACH ===
* If you're '''UNSURE''', consult with someone trustworthy before proceeding with any requests.
* Return to: [[#Identify_the_incident|Identify the Incident]]


'''Q: Suspect Data Breach?'''
===== Accidents =====
* If YES:
** Check your email on [https://haveibeenpwned.com|haveibeenpwned.com]
** Jump to [[#Online Accounts|Secure Online Accounts]] section.


'''Q: Have you received any notifications from companies or organizations about a hack of their systems?'''
Ask yourself:
* If YES: Jump to [[#Online Accounts|Secure Online Accounts]] section.


=== PHISHING ===
* '''Has your device been lost or stolen?'''
* Return to: [[#Identify_the_incident|Identify the Incident]]


'''Q: Did you receive an email or message requesting personal or financial information?'''
* If '''YES''':
* If YES: Mark the email as spam and delete it.
** Change passwords for your accounts and enable two-factor authentication.
** Try to locate the device using a tracking app or service.
** Consider remotely wiping the device to protect your data.
 
* If '''NO''', ensure that tracking features are enabled on all devices as a precaution.


'''Q: Did you click on a suspicious link or download an attachment from an unknown source?'''
* If you're '''UNSURE''', check recent locations if tracking was enabled previously.
* If YES: Jump to [[#Secure_Your_Devices_and_Network|Secure Your Devices and Network]] section.


=== SCAM ===
* '''Did you accidentally delete important files or information?'''
'''Q: Did someone request money or your banking information from you?'''
* If YES: Be cautious. Read about [http://www.consumerfinance.gov/ask-cfpb/what-are-some-common-types-of-scams-en-2092/|common finance scams].
* Scammers may pressure you with fear, desire, stress, greed, and other emotions to lower your guard.


'''Q: Did you send money to the scammer?'''
** If '''YES''', proceed to [[#Restore]] for data recovery steps.
* If YES: Consider the money gone, and do not pay the scammer again. Report the incident to the local police department and [https://reportfraud.ftc.gov/#/|file a complaint with the FTC].


'''Q: Did you install anything from the scammer?'''
* If '''NO''', consider setting up regular backups to prevent future data loss issues.
* If YES: Jump to [[#Secure_Your_Devices_and_Network|Secure Your Devices and Network]] section.


'''Q: Did you give the scammer any personal or sensitive information?'''
* If you're '''UNSURE''', check if the files are in the recycle bin or use recovery software as needed.
* If YES: Immediately report the incident to the local police department and [https://reportfraud.ftc.gov/#/|file a complaint with the FTC].


=== ACCIDENT ===
===== Log File Analysis =====
* Return to: [[#Identify_the_incident|Identify the Incident]]


'''Q: Has your device been stolen?'''
To analyze log files for suspicious activity effectively, refer to our detailed guide: [[How_to_Search_Log_Files]]. This guide provides instructions for operating systems including iOS, Android, Windows, MacOS, and Linux. It covers accessing logs, identifying suspicious activities, and interpreting log entries related to security incidents.
* If YES: Immediately change all passwords for your accounts and enable two-factor authentication for all your accounts connected to the device. Attempt to locate the device using a tracking app or service. Consider factory resetting the device and wiping all data if necessary.


'''Q: Did you accidentally delete important files or information?'''
While you are on this step you should look at [[#Secure Your Local Devices]] as well
* If YES: Refer to the [[#Restore|Restore]] section for steps on data recovery.


== Secure ==  
== Secure ==
After identifying the nature of the cyber incident, take the necessary steps to secure your digital environment. Return to [[#Identify_the_incident|Identify the Incident]] for further guidance.


=== Online Accounts ===
Now that you've identified a potential issue, let's '''secure''' your digital environment.
Secure your online accounts immediately by taking the following steps:
* '''Change Passwords''': Update passwords for all critical accounts and store using a [[Password-manager]]
* '''Enable Multi-Factor Authentication''': Enhance security by enabling MFA. For guidance, see our [[MFA Guide]]
* '''Search for a Data Breach''': Check your email on [https://haveibeenpwned.com|haveibeenpwned.com]; change authentication to any accounts identified or any accounts using the same password as the account in question.
* '''Specific Accounts to Secure''':
** '''Email Accounts''': Prioritize accounts used for account recovery.
** '''Finance and Banking''': High-value targets, especially crypto accounts.
** '''Mobile Carrier''': Secure to prevent SIM swapping.
** '''Social Media''': Prevent impersonation and fraud.


* Remove Online Data Opt-Out Lists [https://github.com/yaelwrites/Big-Ass-Data-Broker-Opt-Out-List|here].
=== Secure Your Online Accounts ===


Review additional measures in the [[#Online_Account_Hack|Online Account Hack]] section.
Take these steps immediately:


=== Local Devices ===
# Change Passwords: Update passwords for all important accounts. Use a [[Password-manager|Password Manager]] to store them securely.
Take immediate action to secure and analyze your local devices:
# Enable Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): This adds an extra layer of security. See our [[MFA Guide]] for help.
# '''Disconnect from the Internet''': Stop further unauthorized access.
# Check for Data Breaches: Visit [https://haveibeenpwned.com/ Have I Been Pwned] to see if your email has been compromised.
# '''Run a Malware Scan''': Check for and remove any malicious software.
# Prioritize Critical Accounts:
# '''Log Review''': Investigate security logs for any signs of compromise. [[How to Search Log Files]]
** Email Accounts: Especially ones used for account recovery.
** Financial Accounts: Banks, credit cards, crypto wallets.
** Mobile Carrier Account: To prevent SIM swapping.
** Social Media: To prevent impersonation.
# Remove Personal Data from Data Brokers: Use opt-out lists like the [https://github.com/yaelwrites/Big-Ass-Data-Broker-Opt-Out-List Big Ass Data Broker Opt-Out List].


For more details, see the [[#HACK:_Local|Local Hack]] section.
=== Secure Your Local Devices ===


=== Network Security ===
Take these steps to secure your devices:
See the [[Router Hardening]]


Ensure your network devices are secure by performing the following:
# Disconnect from the Internet: Unplug your network cable or turn off Wi-Fi to prevent further unauthorized access.
# '''Password Update''': Change passwords for routers and Wi-Fi networks.
# Run a Malware Scan: Use reputable antivirus software to scan and remove any threats.
# '''Firmware Update''': Keep your network devices updated with the latest firmware.
# Update Your Software: Ensure your operating system and applications are up to date.
# '''Disable Remote Management''': Prevent external access to your network devices.
# Review Installed Programs: Uninstall any software you don't recognize.
# '''Monitor Traffic''': Watch for unusual activity that might indicate a breach.
# Check Your Browser Extensions: Remove any unfamiliar plugins or toolbars.
# Change Your Device Passwords: Use strong, unique passwords.
# Consider Professional Help: If you're unsure, seek assistance from a trusted professional.
 
=== Secure Your Network ===
 
Ensure your network is safe:
 
# Change Router Passwords: Update the default login credentials.
# Update Router Firmware: Install the latest firmware updates.
# Disable Remote Management: Prevent external access to your router settings.
# Set Up a Guest Wi-Fi Network: Isolate your main devices from guests.
# Monitor Network Traffic: Use tools to detect unusual activity.
# Refer to the [[Router Hardening]] Guide for detailed steps.


=== Identify and Lock Down ===
=== Identify and Lock Down ===
Increase your defense against identity theft:
# '''Credit Lock''': Freeze your credit with major credit bureaus to prevent new account openings. [https://inteltechniques.com/freeze.html. https://inteltechniques.com/freeze.html.]
# '''Review Digital Footprint''': Check all online accounts for unauthorized access or transactions. [https://github.com/yaelwrites/Big-Ass-Data-Broker-Opt-Out-List. https://github.com/yaelwrites/Big-Ass-Data-Broker-Opt-Out-List.]


# '''Security Settings''': Update and strengthen security settings on all connected devices.
Protect yourself from identity theft:
 
# [https://inteltechniques.com/freeze.html Freeze Your Credit]: Contact major credit bureaus. See [https://inteltechniques.com/freeze.html IntelTechniques Credit Freeze Guide].
# Review Financial Statements: Look for unauthorized transactions.
# Update Security Settings: Strengthen privacy and security settings on all accounts.
# Remove Unnecessary Personal Information: From social media and other online platforms.


== Restore ==
== Restore ==
Recover from a cyber incident by restoring compromised systems and accounts:
 
# '''Account Recovery''': Reset passwords and set up MFA. Consider using masked emails for sensitive accounts. [[MFA Guide]]
Recover from the incident:
# '''Data Recovery''': Restore data from backups or use professional data recovery services if necessary.
 
# '''System Reinstallation''': In cases of severe malware infection, reinstalling the operating system on affected devices may be required.
# Account Recovery:
** Reset passwords and security questions.
** Use masked emails for sensitive accounts.
 
# Data Recovery:
** Restore files from backups if available.
** Use data recovery software or consult a professional.
 
# Reinstall Operating System:
** In severe cases, consider reinstalling your OS to ensure all malware is removed.


== Report ==
== Report ==
It’s crucial to report any cyber incident to help prevent future occurrences:
 
# '''Financial Institutions''': Inform your bank or credit card issuer about any unauthorized transactions.
Reporting helps prevent future incidents:
# '''Law Enforcement''': Report identity theft and other cybercrimes to the police.
 
# '''Notify Affected Parties''': If others are impacted by the breach, inform them to take protective measures.
# Contact Financial Institutions: Inform them of any unauthorized activity.
# Report to Law Enforcement: File a report with your local police department.
# Notify Affected Parties: Let friends and family know if they might be impacted.
# File Complaints:
** With the [https://reportfraud.ftc.gov/#/ FTC] for scams and fraud.
** With other relevant authorities.


== Learn ==
== Learn ==
Enhance your knowledge and preparedness for future incidents:
 
* '''Incident Review''': Understand what happened and why. [[Learning from an Incident]]
Understand and learn from the incident:
 
# Review What Happened: Identify how the incident occurred.
# Educate Yourself: Read about best security practices.
# Implement Preventive Measures: Update your habits and tools to enhance security.
 
== Monitor ==
 
Keep an eye out to prevent future incidents:
 
# Regularly Check Accounts: Monitor bank statements and account activities.
# Use Monitoring Services: Consider credit and identity theft monitoring services.
# Use Monitoring Apps: Little Snitch and Other options are broken down in [https://alternativeto.net/software/little-snitch/ AlternativeTo.net]  
# Stay Updated: Follow reputable sources for security news.


[[Category:Cybersecurity]]
[[Category:Cybersecurity]]
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